Mar 30, 2016 | Ailments, Colic, Hay, Uncategorized
March is almost over, and you've all heard the saying, "In like a lion, out like a lamb." Personally I prefer lions because they are really just big, less cuddly cats. Anyway, all this weather fluctuation has made for a bunch of colics!
In horses, colic is just a general term for signs of GI pain. Colic may be due to an impaction, a twist (the fancy doctor word for this is volvulus), gas, stomach ulcers, or inflammation (doctor word enteritis). Colic may even be due to something non-GI like a urinary obstruction, although that is more of a cat thing. Luckily I haven't had the pleasure of experiencing one yet.
About 90% of the colics we see are termed "mild colics." Less than 10% of colics are severe or "surgical colics," so named because they would require surgery to correct. So what makes a colic a mild or severe one?
In many cases, the answer is time. Most colics, when treated early with pain medication, laxatives, and electrolytes, will improve. There are some cases where a really big impaction will require rehydration with IV fluids to get it to pass.
When a mild colic is left untreated, it has the potential to become a bad colic. In the case of gas colics, the gas-filled intestine can float to the top and cause the large colon to twist. An impaction due to long-term dehydration can get worse and worse until it would need to be cut into and flushed out with a hose to get rid of it (yes, that is literally what they do during colic surgery).
Unfortunately, some horses are very stoic and don't tell you their belly hurts until it hurts really, really bad! Also, some people have jobs and can't stay home watching their horses all day to see if they colic. So if your horse colics at 8am and you don't get home until 5:30pm, it might already be a bad colic.
There is also something fat horses can get called a lipoma, basically a fatty tumor, that wraps itself around the small intestine and cuts off the blood supply. Nobody can do anything about that without surgery. Just one more reason I chose not to be a horse!
Luckily our docs are well trained to tell whether your horse has a mild colic or a bad colic, and they will know what to do either way! So the next time your horse has a bit of a bellyache, give us a call. The sooner the better! Odds are in your favor that it will be mild, but I wouldn't want to take my chances. Maybe that ball of yarn doesn't look so tasty after all...I'll just continue my nap.
Until next week, may the odds be ever in your favor!
-Tony
Feb 16, 2016 | Uncategorized
No surprise, my “Come See Tony” event last week was a huge success. Thanks to Aaron of Oak Ridge Electric for providing the educational material; thanks to me for drawing the crowd. I saw many familiar faces, got lots of attention, and even learned a thing or two about preventing barn fires! For those of you who couldn’t make it, or were too distracted by Dr. Vurgason’s cute baby to pay attention, here are a few of the highlights:
First, inspect your barn for fire hazards, electrical hazards, and structural hazards on a regular basis. This includes making sure there are no exposed wires or splices (that’s where two wires are joined together, but obviously I already knew that). It’s also a good idea to replace your electrical equipment if it is rusted, broken, or was installed when Britney Spears was still in the Mickey Mouse Club.
Next, cut down on the extension cords. They are really only intended for temporary use anyway. If you must use one short-term, make sure it is a heavy duty cord plugged directly into a GFCI outlet, and that it is rated for outdoor use. Pretty impressive electrical know-how for a cat, huh?
Of course, you should have multiple fire extinguishers in your barn, know where they are, and know how to use them. You may think this would be common knowledge, but when Aaron asked the audience how many people had smoke detectors in their barns, I was the only one who raised my paw! A sprinkler system is a smart idea if you can afford it- this won’t stop a fire but it might slow it down long enough to get your horses and barn cats out to safety.
Finally, if you have any electrical questions I can’t answer (doubtful), or would like an evaluation by someone who actually knows what they’re doing, give Dr. Vurgason’s other half a call. Oak Ridge Electric can be reached at (352) 289-6500.
Don’t forget about next month’s “Come See Tony” event: Preventing Florida Skin Funk, to be held on March 10th at 6:30pm. I look forward to seeing you all then! P.S. Bring more treats for me next time.
Dec 22, 2015 | Uncategorized
Seriously, the things they ask me to supervise around here. Today I had to supervise Dr. Lacher and Charly while they pulled a Coggins on Scout from Gentle Carousel Miniature Therapy Horses. The humans seem to think Scout is tiny and cute and adorable. Meh, he’s a tiny horse. I will take a tiny mouse instead any day. What I can say is adorable is how Scout helps the humans. We animals, being superior in every way to the humans, must look for opportunities to give back to those less fortunate than us whenever possible. And let’s face it: pretty much any human is less fortunate than I am.
Scout is a (very small) part of Gentle Carousel. This group of very dedicated humans and horses go into hospitals, nursing homes, rehab facilities, and pretty much anywhere children in need exist. They use the horses to help people heal emotionally and physically. Those humans will do all kinds of stuff to pet us cute cats, pat a dog on the head, or be near a horse. This means someone who has been reluctant to stretch that arm, crack a smile, or take a step will make tremendous progress when animals are around.
I have my own selfish motivations for loving Christmas, mostly involving the decorations. I get told I should be more generous with the poor homeless kittens that show up around here. I don’t see that happening, but I will tell you about local programs you can help.
Your local animal shelter, Gainesville Pet Rescue, Alachua Humane Society, and Operation Catnip (just to name a few) are always looking for volunteer help. From fostering animals, to helping in the office, there is a place for you to help no matter what.
The Retirement Home for Horses. This beautiful farm in Alachua is dedicated to retired horses. Their residents include many retired police, military, and forest service horses, along with some that have been confiscated for mistreatment. Saturdays are open to all who bring the required carrot admission fee. While there you can find out about all the volunteer opportunities available. From grooming horses to mowing fields, there is always something to do on this enormous farm. While I love a good crowd, I know some of you may be looking for opportunities to get out of the house and have some fresh air between you and crazy Uncle Joe. Go visit the Retirement Home for Horses. This enormous farm will give you plenty of opportunity to turn left when everyone else turns right. Only problem is the entire place is fenced in so Uncle Joe won’t get lost.
HOPE-Horses Helping People. This group in Archer use horses for a wide variety of therapies. People with mobility disorders find riding gives them increased movement, balance, and endurance. Hippotherapy uses the horses as a tool to work on all kinds of stuff from movement to communication (as a cat I should probably be there working on my communication). They have programs for Veterans and directed psychotherapy programs.
I think Operation Catnip is pretty awesome myself (hard to support the nip part, but I support the goal of helping cats) and they are seriously in to helping cats. Moral of this Tuesdays with Tony: When the giving mood strikes you, there are great local options! And if none of these floats your boat, come give me treats and ear scratches.
Aug 13, 2015 | Uncategorized
How to be our favorite client:
As the official feline office manager, I am generally a fan of anybody who walks through our door. However, there are certain traits that you, the client, may exhibit, which put you higher or lower on my ‘favorite humans’ list. Below are a few examples that come to mind:
1: Ask advice from Dr. Lacher & Dr. Vurgason (as opposed to Dr. Google)! They both went through a whole lot of school AND owned horses for their entire lives. You also know what you’ve got when you are talking with them. You never know who is on the other side of the internet! They are more than happy to talk to you, any time of day or night, whether you have an appointment or not. In fact, they would much rather give you advice than have you guessing and potentially creating problems that need to be fixed down the road. Dr. Lacher and Dr. Vurgason may send you to the internet but they will send you to sites with known great information.
2: Follow directions. This can mean following recommended doses of a prescription, following instructions on bandaging, or calling us if your horse doesn’t seem to be getting better. In most cases, the doctors are giving you directions for a reason, not just to be a pain in the butt! Many medications can have severe adverse side effects if used incorrectly. Incorrect frequency of bandage changes or improper bandage application can have dire consequences. If your horse has a corneal ulcer that is not getting better with the initial set of eye meds we prescribed, we need to see it again right away! I promise you, following directions will make you and your horse happier in the long run. If your horse thinks our directions are stupid we can have one of our amazing technicians help or we can board your horse at the hospital (this comes with complimentary daily cat scans from yours truly). If you have questions about the directions your doctor gave you, please refer to #1.
3: Keep up with routine care. Many of the problems that the doctors and I see on emergency could have been prevented simply with proper maintenance. This includes regular hoof trimming/shoeing, feeding a healthy and appropriate diet, regular fecal egg counts/deworming, routine dental care, and keeping current on vaccinations. This is definitely a case of an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure! If you have any questions about how often your particular horse needs each of these types of maintenance, see #1. By now you should see a theme forming: call us! We are always available to hep!!
4: Keep your appointment. Most of you are pretty good about this, but every once in awhile you will decide your horse really doesn’t need to be vaccinated twice this year…and anyway you are on a budget. Or, well the cut on his leg looks like it’s getting better, so he probably doesn’t need that second antibiotic shot. If the docs recommended a recheck for your horse’s problem, I’m sure there was a good reason! And as far as keeping up with vaccinations goes, see #3. Questions? See #1.
5:Be ready for the costs of having horses. Here is where cats are, once again, far superior to horses. Colics, eyes, bad cuts…horses know how to rack up a large bill quickly. There are several great options available to help with the cost of horse emergencies. And horses will be horses so there will be emergencies. Insurance, SmartPak ColiCare, savings accounts, and CareCredit are just a few options available. Think about what you can and will spend on each of your horses and be ready to make tough decisions before you absolutely need to. We understand the stress involved when we have to hand over a large bill but remember they have to make sure the cat is well fed!
So there you have it. The 5 keys to being the cat’s meow. May your litter box be clean and your food bowl full.
Apr 7, 2015 | Uncategorized
We cherish our older horses. In some cases we have a long history and lots of wonderful memories with them. In others, we value their kind and quiet personalities with our kids and (not-so-horsey) spouses. However they came in to our lives, the Seniors often show us the best qualities of horses and as ambassadors for the equine world they deserve the best in care. Caring for senior horses is easier than ever with modern feeds, health monitoring, and medications.
Let’s start with health monitoring. Providing regular dental care to your young horse means good teeth for many years to come. Dr. Lacher posted a picture of her 30 year old horse to Facebook demonstrating his excellent teeth. Just last week she saw another 25 year old horse who had received great dental care her whole life and as a result had perfect teeth. A good set of chompers means these two horses can eat normal feed and roughage keeping feeding costs down, maintain a happier gut, and experience a higher quality of life.
If your older horse didn’t have the luck to have a fantastic owner is his younger years don’t despair. Senior feeds and leafy hays keep these guys in on the action for a long time. These horses do experience more dental problems such as loose teeth and tooth root infections. A call to Springhill Equine at the slightest hint of dental pain allows us to manage most of these problems quickly and easily.
After dental disease, Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) and Cushings disease are the next most common issues we face with our older horses. EMS and Cushings go together like peanuts and peanut butter most of the time. Wait isn’t it peanut butter and jelly? Yes but in this case EMS affects younger horses (as young as 3-4 years old) and over time many of those horses develop Cushings. So just like you start with peanuts to get to peanut butter, we often see EMS first and then see Cushings.
There are ways to identify EMS horses using blood tests but often we simply evaluate your horse’s body condition score (BCS). Horses who are a BCS of 7 or higher on a scale of 9 are almost always afflicted with EMS. This disease is similar to Type II Diabetes in humans and is managed with similar diet and exercise life changes. EMS leads to Cushings if not well managed because these horses are in a Pro-Inflammatory State. That means the immune system is always looking for places to take out its aggression and it doesn’t always find the right place to do that. If we are unsure if a horse has EMS we have a very simple blood test which can be performed: you, the owner, give about 100cc of Karo syrup and then about 90-120 minutes later we come out, draw blood, and send it off for insulin levels.
Cushings disease is recognized commonly in horses, dogs, and humans. Of course, horses have to be special by developing the disease in a different area of the pituitary gland than humans or dogs. Humans and dogs have a problem with the back of the pituitary gland or the adrenal glands, while horses develop their problem in the middle of the pituitary gland. What’s the big deal you ask? 5,000 different possible hormones is the big deal. While humans and dogs primarily release cortisol (the nasty stress hormone), your horse might release any combination of the 5,000 different hormones controlled by the middle of the pituitary gland. These hormones are primarily responsible for maintaining status quo in the body. They let the body know if it’s hot or cold, hungry or thirsty, should we grow feet or stop, etc. This means we can’t look at any given horse and say “Yep, You’ve got Cushings.” Luckily we have two great blood tests that give us pretty good answers. ACTH levels are a simple blood draw and if elevated we can reliably say “This horse has Cushings.” Because of that whole 5,000 hormones thing sometimes we have a strong suspicion that a horse has Cushings but ACTH levels come back normal. In that case we go a second test know as a TRH stimulation. This test involves a shot of TRH, waiting 15 minutes, and then another quick and easy blood draw to test ACTH levels. Horses who have Cushings disease are managed with a combination of medications depending on ACTH levels and symptoms.
Last but not least: The Dreaded L Word. Laminitis has the power to strike fear in to any horse owner’s heart. Watching our horses hobble around is almost as painful for us as it is for them. Turns out most laminitis is secondary to EMS and Cushings so good monitoring for these two conditions will dramatically reduce your horse’s chances of developing laminitis. Here at Springhill Equine we also strongly recommend radio-graphs (x-rays) of your senior horse’s feet every year. Many EMS horses suffer from very low levels of laminitis which cause slowly progressive changes in the feet. Often they don’t show us signs until they have progressed quite far. By taking radio-graphs yearly we can identify subtle cases early and form a plan with your farrier.
Our Senior horses have worked hard for us, in return let’s give them a great retirement! Springhill Equine’s Senior Wellness Program has been designed to evaluate all the common problems we talked about in this newsletter. If you would like more information or have questions about your Senior horse contact any of the Springhill Team.
Dec 23, 2014 | Breeding, Uncategorized
White Horse
Is there really such a thing as a white horse? Many gray horses start out nicely dappled, but then fade to nearly white as they age, and are incorrectly called ‘white’ by non-horsey folks. However there are a handful of other colors, each genetically different, that can result in a horse that looks white.
Blue-Eyed Creams Blue-eyed creams, (cremellos and perlinos), are horses that inherit two copies of the ‘cream’ gene. This gene is a color dilution factor, and when a horse inherits two copies, the result is a horse with blue eyes and an off white or cream colored coat. In the summer when they are slick and shiny these horses can appear white. Cremellos and perlinos can be difficult to tell apart without a genetic test to detect the differences in their underlying coat color. Cremellos are genetically chestnuts with two cream genes, and perlinos are genetically bay with two cream genes.
Lethal White Lethal white is an inherited condition usually seen in paint horse foals. These foals are born either all white, or mostly white, and like the name implies, they heartbreakingly will all die or have to be euthanized shortly after birth. The all white coat color in these foals is associated with a genetic mutation that also produces a problem in the nerves to the gastrointestinal tract, which interferes with motility and causes severe colic. There is no treatment for the condition. Usually, but not always, these foals are a product of breeding two overo paint horses. There is a genetic test available to screen potential breeding animals as carriers for the condition, and all responsible paint breeders should know the status of their breeding stock.
Sabino White Sabino is a description for a collection of white markings, and the word is used by multiple breeds. Horses labeled as sabinos often have extensive roaning, belly spots or large face markings and high white on the legs. Geneticists believe that there are probably several different genes that produce sabino type markings, but one mutation in particular has been identified, and named Sabino1. The Sabino1 gene is found mostly in Tennessee Walkers and Miniature horses, but also in some Paints, Shetland Ponies, and Pony of America’s. One copy of the Sabino1 gene produces the typical roaning, belly spots, high leg white, and large face markings. However, horses with two copies of Sabino1 are at least 90% white, and are referred to as ‘Sabino-white.’ These horses usually have pink skin and dark eyes. Sabino-white foals can look identical to Lethal-white foals, but they will be completely healthy, so it is important not to assume that all white foals should be euthanized at birth.
Dominant White Dominant white is caused by a variety of genetic mutations that affects pigment cells in skin and hair follicles. These mutations produce a horse with pink skin, white hair, and usually dark eyes. One particular such mutation, from the QH stallion GQ Santana, has been identified, and there is now a test available for it. Since it is a ‘dominant’ trait, only one copy of the mutation is needed to produce a white coat color. So far no horses with two copies of the mutation have been identified, so it is not known if foals/fetuses with two copies would be ‘viable’.
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