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Rabies

Rabies

Jul 29, 2019 | Rabies, Vaccines

Tuesdays with Tony

Rabies

This week I’m starting with the condensed version of things. Rabies can look like just about anything neurologic, from a little bit quiet, to raging maniac. It can also look like a wound that won’t heal, and is super itchy. Oh, and it can also look like a mild colic that doesn’t respond to Banamine. Even better, you can get Rabies from your horse. The answer? VACCINATE your horse for Rabies. And your dog, and cat, too! And now, the rest of the story.

If you’re a mammal, you can get it

Rabies is an interesting virus. Lots of them are, but Rabies is really good at getting itself passed around. To start with, it only infects mammals, but it does a pretty good job being able to infect all of them. From rats, to foxes, to dogs, cats, and elephants, they all have the potential to get Rabies. Once an animal is infected, it usually takes between three and eight weeks to show symptoms. BUT, and it’s a huge but, it can take a really, really long time for symptoms to show up, like months, and in rare cases, years. Rabies has to travel from the point of entry to the brain before it starts wreaking havoc, and the immune system is fighting it the entire way. This means if an animal gets infected by a bite at the tip of its tail, it’s going to be a long time before it makes it to the brain. Know what keeps it from getting to the brain? A vaccinated animal! Know who makes sure your horse gets all the right vaccines at the right time? My Docs!

Rabies in Da House!

I’m not gonna lie, I find it fascinating what teanie, tiny viruses can do to make sure they live, and reproduce. Now that the Rabies virus has made it to the brain, it’s going to change the behavior of the animal to increase the chances it gets passed around. How crazy is that?!? I mean, I’ve changed the behavior of my humans so it’s more to my liking, but I’m a wickedly intelligent cat. This is a virus. You can’t even see it with a microscope. While signs of rabies can start out pretty varied, almost all infected animals will go through these next phases at some point. The virus will make them start drooling. This is brilliant because the virus is concentrated in the saliva. What better way to spread yourself than make more drool? 

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Next, the virus makes the animal lose its fear. This means that wild fox is faster to come up to you and act tame. Or, if no humans are around, go after a horse like you see in this video https://www.facebook.com/TCEESFL/videos/1985117155060876/   The fear of water thing is a bit of a myth, but nearly all of them will get aggressive at some point. Which makes sense. This aggression drives them to attack and bite other animals, and then the virus gets to live another day, in another animal. Know what prevents this? A properly vaccinated animal. 

What’s with the crazy quarantines?

Because rabies can be given to humans, the Health Department takes quarantine and testing very, very seriously. My Docs recommend calling your local Health Department if you have an animal you think may have rabies.They will work with animal control, and/or local veterinarians to capture and test the suspicious animal. They will then quarantine your animals, and your property for the safety of everyone else. You don’t want to be the one responsible for spreading rabies to everyone in your neighborhood, do you? Pretty sure that would get you unfriended in real life as well as the Face thingy. 

If your animals are vaccinated by a veterinarian, that quarantine will only be 10 days. I know none of you would vaccinate your animals any other way, because you know your veterinarian is the best way to make sure the vaccines are handled and administered properly, but we all have weird friends and relatives. If you vaccinated your animals, or, even worse, if they aren’t vaccinated at all, that quarantine could be as long as 6 months, because of the potentially long incubation time I talked about earlier. Seems like cheap protection to have your veterinarian properly vaccinate your horse. 

Speaking of Vaccines

I hear this one all the time: my dog and cat get vaccinated for rabies every three years. How come my horse gets it every year? Because your horse is really bad at responding to the vaccine, that’s why. Horses are really bad at the important things like digestion, good support structure, and responding to vaccines. Extensive research shows that horses are protected by the vaccine for 14-16 months. That’s not a spectacular response time. And that’s why your horse should get one every 12 months. Rabies vaccines are also only recognized by the powers that be when administered by a veterinarian. Again, I know you would never administer your own vaccines, but there’s the weird friends and family to think about. 

Back to where I started. Make sure your horse is vaccinated for rabies yearly, and report weird wildlife behavior. 

Now be a well-behaved, non-rabid human and scroll down to the subscribe button. If you subscribe, you get my blog a day early, and you never miss my wisdom and charm. 

Until next week,

~Tony

Tuesdays with Tony is the official blog of Tony the Clinic Cat at Springhill Equine Veterinary Clinic in Newberry, Florida. If you liked this blog, please subscribe below, and share it with your friends on social media! For more information, please call us at (352) 472-1620, visit our website at SpringhillEquine.com, or follow us on Facebook!

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Vesicular Stomatitis

Vesicular Stomatitis

Jul 22, 2019 | Vesicular Stomatitis

Tuesdays with Tony

All the buzz around the clinic is the recent outbreak of Vesicular Stomatitis. This was a new one to me, I do not recall ever hearing the docs talk about it before. I suppose it is possible I was off galavanting around outside when it was discussed, but my cat hearing is usually pretty keen when it comes to listening to the diseases the docs talk about. So when I heard them talking about it the other day, I felt some research was necessary so I could pass on the information to my adoring fans. 

 

What is Vesicular Stomatitis?

 

Vesicular Stomatitis is a viral disease that affects livestock including horses, ruminants, and pigs. The virus causes ulcer-like lesions on the mouth, feet, and udders.  Lesions are painful and can lead to anorexia, mastitis, and even laminitis. 

Why am I telling you all about this disease when the outbreak has not affected horses in Florida? Well, there are a few reasons, the first one being that Vesicular Stomatitis is a reportable disease.  What does that mean? That means that if your horse develops ulcers, vesicles, or erosions around their mouth, feet, or on their udders, and the docs look at them and suspect vesicular stomatitis, they must call the state and federal veterinarian and inform them of the case.  This will lead to facilities being quarantined and movement of animals will be restricted.  

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The next reason we need to talk about vesicular stomatitis is the fact that animals are transported all the time. While we have not seen a case of vesicular stomatitis yet in Florida, it does not mean that an animal from another state where an outbreak has occurred may not enter Florida and spread the virus. As a horse owner, it is your responsibility to monitor your horses, check them for lesions, watch for changes in behavior and appetite, and be aware of new animals coming on to the property where your horse is located. I am available for “cat-scans” of any new animals, just bring them to the clinic and I will perform my world famous Tony cat-scans. While you’re here, you could have one of my docs check out the new member of your farm.  

Yet another reason we need to talk about vesicular stomatitis is that, while it’s not a deadly disease in and of itself, it can lead to complications that may lead to death and it can look very much like other diseases such as Foot and Mouth Disease. If left undetected, vesicular stomatitis can restrict international trade and can cause widespread Foot and Mouth Disease among the livestock in the US. 

Finally, we need to discuss vesicular stomatitis because it is zoonotic.  I am a pretty smart kitty, but I had to look up what zoonotic means. It means that the virus that causes vesicular stomatitis can be spread from animals to people resulting in people becoming ill. 

 

Transmission

 

As if bugs were not pesky enough and didn’t cause us enough trouble, we can officially add spreading vesicular stomatitis to the list of annoying things bugs do.  Everything from sandflies, black flies, and culicoides can spread disease. Once an animal develops a lesion, the insects feed on the lesions or secretions from the lesions and becomes infected with the virus. The virus is then spread to other animals via the insects.  Once an animal or herd of animals is infected, the virus is easily spread from animal to animal by direct contact. All I know is, if any other animals come near me with lesions on their mouth, they will get the claws! Feed/water buckets, milking machines and other farm equipment can also spread the virus. As I said before, the virus is zoonotic, so people can become infected by coming in contact with lesions or secretions from the lesions as well as insect bites. 

 

Clinical Signs

 

Vesicular stomatitis is characterized by vesicles, papules, erosions, and ulcers around the mouth, feet, udders and prepuce. Occasionally, a fever may be noted but has usually resolved before the animal is examined by a veterinarian.  Lesions typically begin as blisters that range in sizes and may cover the lips, tongue and palate of the animal. Blisters burst and become painful erosions and ulcers. These lesions can lead to anorexia, refusal to drink, and subsequent colic. 

If lesions develop on feet, they usually develop as blisters along the coronary band which can lead to lameness, laminitis, and even sloughing of hooves.  Lesions can affect milk production, and lead to weight loss and secondary infections. Vesicular stomatitis is not considered a deadly disease but secondary ailments can lead to the death of affected animals. 

 

Diagnostics 

 

In order to diagnose vesicular stomatitis, the virus must be obtained directed from fluid found in the blisters before the burst, swabs of ulcers/erosions, and skin cells that form the blisters. If you notice any of these lesions on your horse, you will want to get him/her seen by one of my docs as soon as possible. They will want to sedate your horse and possibly perform a local anesthetic to the lesions prior to obtaining a sample from the lesion. They will also pull some blood to sample. 

Once they get their samples they will send it off to the lab for analyzing. Those super smart, sciencey people at the lab will run tests on the sample to isolate the virus that causes vesicular stomatitis. Once the virus is isolated the lab will let my docs know, the state and federal veterinarians will be notified and quarantine protocols will be put in place if not already in place. 

 

Treatment

 

Like all viruses, there is no definitive treatment. All treatment is symptomatic. This includes cleansing of the lesions with a mild antiseptic, topical protection from bugs, and offering softened feeds. The docs will also likely prescribe pain medications such as bute or banamine. Typically antibiotics are not required for viruses, they just have to run their course. However, if secondary bacterial infections occur, my docs may also prescribe an antibiotic for your horse.  Just remember, do not use these medications unless one of my docs tells you to. Boy, are they bossy sometimes!

 

Prevention 

 

The best way to prevent the spread of vesicular stomatitis is to isolate affected animals from unaffected animals. This includes moving affected animals to a separate location on the farm. It also involves restricting movement of any animals onto or off of the farm until quarantine is lifted by the state or federal veterinarian, which is typically 21 days after all lesions have healed. 

Sanitation is key. Disinfection of feed and water buckets, farm equipment, and milking equipment should be performed daily to prevent the spread of disease. There has been some research that found that animals that are kept stabled during an outbreak tend to heal quickly and spread less disease. As always, insect control is key. If you want to learn more about insect control, be sure to come out to the clinic on Thursday at 6:30 pm for our Summertime Blues Seminar where my docs will discuss all the pesky things we deal with all summer long, including bugs. As a bonus you’ll get to visit yours truly and I could really use some extra pets these days. 

Until next time,

~Tony 

P.S. If you haven’t already subscribed, just scroll down a bit. There’s a giant purple box. That way you can get my blog emailed to you on Mondays instead of hoping that Facebook will let you know it’s there. I’m just saying that you’ve gotta be on top of this stuff. Trust me, I’m a cat.

Tuesdays with Tony is the official blog of Tony the Clinic Cat at Springhill Equine Veterinary Clinic in Newberry, Florida. If you liked this blog, please subscribe below, and share it with your friends on social media! For more information, please call us at (352) 472-1620, visit our website at SpringhillEquine.com, or follow us on Facebook!

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Dippity Pig

Dippity Pig

Jul 15, 2019 | Pet Pigs

Tuesdays with Tony

    Did you know that in addition to horses, Dr. Vurgason is our resident pet pig expert? There aren’t many of those in the country, and pig owners come from far and wide to seek her advice. This week I heard her talking to an owner about his pig’s condition- a syndrome known as Dippity Pig. Yep, that’s right: Dippity Pig! With a name like that, I had to learn more about this disease. 

 

What is Dippity Pig? 

      Dippity Pig is the name for a newly recognized syndrome in pigs, characterized by painful, bleeding sores down the back, hind-end weakness, and fever. No, it’s not a hair cream for girls with curly hair. It is thought to be a virus, although the exact organism has not been isolated yet. The disease is mostly seen in pet pigs, but that may be because most commercial hogs don’t live beyond 6 months of age. (If you don’t know why, go ask your mother.)

Dippity Pig is very similar to Erythema Multiforme, a viral skin disease that has long been recognized in commercial pigs. In fact, some scientists believe they are one in the same. Without further research into the cause of Dippity Pig, there is a lot we still don’t know yet. But I’m here to tell you what we do know (which I, in turn, learned from Dr. V)!

 

How is Dippity Pig recognized?

     The onset of Dippity Pig can be very rapid. Your pig may be fine one day and squealing in pain unable to stand the next. One of the tell-tale signs is a “dipping” of the hind end when attempting to walk. Affected pigs will often hunch their back and tuck in their tail. This may progress to a splay-legged stance in the hindlimbs, with the pigs crawling around, pulling themselves with their forelimbs.

    The other characteristic sign of Dippity Pig is bleeding sores along the back, especially in the lower back and hip region. The skin along the back becomes extremely painful and sensitive. Some pigs even appear as if they have been scratched by something. These sores usually run across the back side-to-side as opposed to ear-to-tail. The rest of the skin along the topline may be reddened, crusted, or otherwise irritated.

     It is unclear whether pigs drop their hind end due to the severe pain of the skin along their backs, or whether the virus also affects the spinal cord and pigs lose control of the nerves that go to the hind limbs. These pigs are obviously very sensitive to touch and will even vocalize in pain if their backs are palpated. However, some affected pigs certainly appear as if they are physically unable to stand in the hind end. 

     Pigs affected by this disease also often have a fever and all the signs that go along with it. This includes acting lethargic, going “off feed,” and just generally being puny. Fevers are a common sign of a virus. Your pig’s fever may spike and then drop, so don’t rule out Dippity Pig because your pig’s temperature is normal. Remember, if your pig ever spikes a fever over 103.0 degrees, you should always call your vet. 

 Springhill Equine Veterinary Clinic

Is Dippity Pig treatable?

     The good news about Dippity Pig is that it is usually a self-limiting virus, and only lasts about 7-10 days on average. In the meantime, the signs of Dippity Pig can be managed with anti-inflammatory medication and supportive care. However, since it is a virus, there is currently no cure or definitive treatment for the disease. Like the common cold, it just has to run its course. 

     There are some anti-inflammatory medications that are known to be safe for use in pigs, and others that are not. Those that are approved for use in pigs include Flunixin Meglumine (generic Banamine), and Meloxicam (generic Mobic, or Metacam). Medications that are NOT approved for use in pigs include the Aspirin you found in your bathroom medicine cabinet! Since pigs are considered food animals (that’s not my opinion, it’s just a fact), the FDA drug approval process has a lot to do with determining how long these drugs last in the meat of these animals. In addition to meat withdrawal times, FDA approved drugs also have to be shown to be safe for use in the species they are labeled for. 

    I guess what I’m saying here is, if your pig has a fever, have it treated by a vet. Use medications your vet prescribes, at the prescribed doses; don’t use whatever human medications you happen to have on hand at the time. Not only is it the law, but it is also for the safety of your pig. 

 

How can I prevent Dippity Pig?

     There is currently no vaccine available to protect against Dippity Pig. Again, more research will lead to more knowledge in this area and hopefully eventually to a successful vaccine against this disease. What we do know is that Dippity Pig usually happens secondary to stress. “But my pet pig has a totally stress-free life!” you may say. Well, what is stressful to you may not be the same as what is stressful to a pig.

Common stress-inducing events in pigs include transportation (even short distances, even in an air-conditioned car), change in environment, change in routine, change in feed, farrowing (giving birth), introduction of new pigs, and heat stress (a big deal in Florida this time of year). The more you can do to prevent these types of stress in your pig, the better your chances of preventing Dippity Pig. 

 

  What should I do if I think I have a Dippity Pig?

    I think you already know what I’m going to say here: call your vet! I happen to know a great one when it comes to pet pigs. Don’t have a pig? Well, maybe you should think about getting one! They make excellent pets, and there are always plenty of pigs available through adoption organizations looking for their forever homes. Know anybody that has a pig? Please spread the word that Dr. Vurgason is not only willing but eager to treat pet pigs! As a lifetime pig owner and lover, she has studied everything there is to know about pet pig medicine. Heck, she will probably write a book on it herself someday. Do you think she’ll ask me to write the Foreword? I can’t think of a better choice. 

   Happy Tuesday, fellow pig lovers!

           -Tony

Tuesdays with Tony is the official blog of Tony the Clinic Cat at Springhill Equine Veterinary Clinic in Newberry, Florida. If you liked this blog, please subscribe below, and share it with your friends on social media! For more information, please call us at (352) 472-1620, visit our website at SpringhillEquine.com, or follow us on Facebook!

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ProBiotics

ProBiotics

Jul 8, 2019 | Probiotics

Tuesdays with Tony

A long, long time ago, in a pasture far, far away, horses evolved eating plants and grasses from a wide variety of locations as they migrated vast distances following the growth of those plants and grasses. They also had to stay on the move, so my great grandmother about 1000 times removed didn’t eat them. Sampling from all these outdoor dining locations exposed ancient horse guts to a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. While supervising the recording of the podcast, Straight From The Horse Doctor’s Mouth recently, I learned just how important these microscopic creatures are for not just horse guts, but cat and human guts, too!

 

For this podcast, Dr. Lacher brought in an expert: Dr. Rob Franklin from Full Bucket Animal Health. Now, I have to tell you, this week’s blog is the short version. Dr. Franklin and Dr. Lacher talked about a ton more stuff on the podcast. After you read my version, I highly recommend you take a listen.

 

What is a probiotic?

 

I was sure I knew the answer to this question. Please take note of the following statement: I did not, in fact, know the answer. That’s right, I was wrong. It even happens to us cats now and then. I thought probiotics were “good” bacteria in the gut. Dr. Franklin gave it a much, much broader definition: probiotics are any living organism which helps you do what you do. From digesting food to keeping your skin healthy, and a bunch of other stuff, we (including cats) rely on other critters to survive. Those other critters also rely on us, so it’s a two-way street. I was sort-of right in that lots of these probiotics are bacteria, but some are fungi, some are viruses, and some are critters we don’t even know what to call.

 

How do we get these bugs?

 

Dirt, and food, and your parents. Basically from the world around you. Every time your horse goes out in the field to graze, they are picking up probiotic organisms. When your horse was born, they started the process on the way out of the uterus. I know! I thought this was crazy too! But the moment we enter the world, we are picking up bugs. Before you get all grossed out like you humans like to do, remember, we need those bugs to survive. Anyway, back to probiotics. 

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If you think about the way horses (and cats, and humans) live these days, there are fewer and fewer opportunities to acquire these probiotics from the environment. Stalls are far from natural, and are often filled with heat-treated shavings, processed feed, and hay. Let’s not even talk about what you humans eat. And my food comes from a can, so I can’t say much. I will say I would rather not have to put out all that effort to catch my food, though. It really cuts into my laying on the front porch time. 

 

No really, how do we get these bugs?

 

So how does one go about acquiring probiotics in the modern world? You merely have to check out the shelf at your nearest feed store, or grocery store, for the humans. You’ll see a ton of products offering up probiotics. If it was that easy, I wouldn’t be writing a blog, so you know there’s a trap here somewhere. 

 

It’s not that easy. However, for horses, lots of turnout on good pasture is a start. It gives them the opportunity to return to their roots. Literally. They can eat some roots, get some dirt, and help repopulate their gut with good bugs. In fact, my Docs will often tell owners of horses who have recently had diarrhea to turn them out. Now I know why they say that! For humans, your parents were right: eat more fruits and vegetables. 

 

Again, how do I get probiotics?

 

But there are probiotics on the shelf at the feed store, you say. I know, I know. But you need the right kind, and you need the right amounts, and you need them to be alive. That is a trick! You’ve probably seen lactobacillus mentioned. Along with, maybe, bifidobacterium. These sound great, but in horses, we haven’t figured out, #1 How important they are, and #2 How to keep them alive in the quantities we need while getting them through the stomach. Another tricky part is that we often need probiotics when horses are on antibiotics. Know what lactobacillus and bifidobacterium think of antibiotics? Not a whole lot. They also get killed. 

 

Yeast to the rescue!

 

Enter saccharomyces boulardii (pronounced: Sack-Row-My-Uh-Sees Bow-Lard-E). This particular strain of yeast is the ultimate hero. S. boulardii goes in, tells the bad guys to leave, and helps the community return to normal law and order. Super bonus: as a fungi, it isn’t killed by antibiotics. Marvel should make a movie about this yeast. It’s the stuff legends are made of. And note the boulardii part of the name. There are other saccharomyces out there, like brewers yeast, but it’s not the same thing. Don’t get confused about that.

 

Now we have the right organism, but you have to make sure you have the right amount, and that it’s alive. Insider tip: there are no living probiotics in your feed, no matter what it says on the bag. And that’s why we were talking to Dr. Franklin. He explained how hard it is to keep probiotics alive long enough to get them into your horse and past their stomach, and trust me, if it isn’t encapsulated and freeze-dried, it ain’t gonna arrive alive.

 

Dr. Franklin had the same issues with the available S. boulardii supplements, so he made his own. It’s been a long project to get the right numbers, and to get the buggers to survive in a form a horse will eat. The result is Full Bucket Probiotic granules, pellets, and paste. The granules and pellets work great as a day to day. The paste is a super-high dose for sick horses. It’s good stuff. My Docs have found Full Bucket super helpful on cases ranging from diarrhea to chronic colic. 

 

Now you know the quick version of the probiotic story. Go listen to Straight from the Horse Doctor’s Mouth for the full version. You should really listen to all the podcasts. It’s tons of good information for free! You can’t beat that. And go ahead and subscribe to this blog while you’re here. It’s down just another inch or so.

Until next week,

~Tony

Tuesdays with Tony is the official blog of Tony the Clinic Cat at Springhill Equine Veterinary Clinic in Newberry, Florida. If you liked this blog, please subscribe below, and share it with your friends on social media! For more information, please call us at (352) 472-1620, visit our website at SpringhillEquine.com, or follow us on Facebook!

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Equine Influenza

Equine Influenza

Jul 1, 2019 | Equine Influenza

Tuesdays with Tony

I was perusing the email the other day when I saw this:

“Oh Goody!” I thought. I love a good disease outbreak! And who doesn’t enjoy the topic of influenza?

How Do They Get It?

Snot is the answer. Just like human flu, the equine influenza virus is great at traveling long distances in snot. Think about a good horse sneeze. Stuff flies really far! Aerosolized influenza virus can live for 3-4 hours. Virus on your hand can live for around 10 minutes. Imagine starting at one end of a barn aisle, or even worse, a warm up ring at a horse show, and petting every horse. You could spread a whole lot of flu really fast. Now imagine that influenza virus living for 3 days in a water bucket, or 2 days on a stall door. Influenza, like most respiratory viruses, is great at spreading itself around. 

Springhill Equine Veterinary Clinic 

“My horse is never going to see another horse, ever!”

 

While one way to keep your horse from getting the flu, it’s not very realistic. How about you step away from the crazy horse owner ledge, and we talk basic biosecurity? That’s better. First off, don’t ever, ever, ever touch a hose to the water in a water bucket. This is a very effective way to transmit all kinds of bad things, influenza included. Be aware of other horses. Limit your time in large groups of horses. We all know what the in-gate looks like at a horse show. Don’t hang out there! The in-gate people will love you for not contributing to the chaos, and you will decrease the chances of your horse catching nasty bugs from the other horses. Use this same philosophy everywhere you go on the show grounds. You humans like to congregate. Be more like cats. Be a loner.

 

Vaccinate

 

Here’s a novel thought: vaccinate your horse for influenza. This vaccine isn’t 100%, but a less bad version of the flu is WAY better. Want to really, really protect your horse from influenza? Use the intranasal influenza vaccine. You see, the flu virus gets into your horse (or yourself) through the mucosa that lines your nose, mouth, and windpipe. Intranasal vaccines get the immune system in these areas primed and ready to fight the flu virus. They keep the virus from even getting into the body to cause disease.  Giving intranasal vaccines can be a challenge, but my Docs have a bunch of tricks, including clicker training, to make it easy peasy. 

 

Keep ‘em Healthy

 

Want to give your horse the best shot of handling the viruses they will inevitably be exposed to when you leave home? Keep them healthy with good nutrition, and a good fitness program for what you intend to do. Slowly exposing your horse to the outside world will also help reduce stress. Stress is a great way to get a horse sick! Start with an hour-long venture to another farm. Don’t start with a two-week-long horse show that’s a 12 hour haul away from home. You have to train your horse how to be away from home just as much as you have to train them to ride. 

 

The Flu can be scary, but with a few easy steps, you can significantly reduce your horse’s risk. Worried about the best answer for vaccines for your farm? Call my Docs. They’ll help you find the best answer for your lifestyle!

 

Now be a good human. Scroll down, and click subscribe. Get my words of wisdom a day before everyone else. If you want to know even more about equine influenza, check out Season 2, Episode 6 of our Podcast. You can listen right over your phone or computer for free!

Tuesdays with Tony is the official blog of Tony the Clinic Cat at Springhill Equine Veterinary Clinic in Newberry, Florida. If you liked this blog, please subscribe below, and share it with your friends on social media! For more information, please call us at (352) 472-1620, visit our website at SpringhillEquine.com, or follow us on Facebook!

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